Thirty One Card Game

Thirty One is one of the card world’s oldest games, dating back to the 1440’s. Considered a gentleman’s gambling game, Thirty One was mentioned in one of Bernadine of Sienne’s anti-gambling sermons. Many games scholars consider Thirty One to be an early ancestor of the games Blackjack and Cribbage.

A standard 52 card deck is used. For scoring hands, the Ace is worth 11 points, the Kings, Queens, and Jacks are worth 10, and all other cards are worth their pip value. The value of a three card hand is calculated by adding up the value of the cards held in any one suit. So if you have three cards of the same suit, you can add up all three. If only two cards are in the same suit you can add those, or use the value of the odd card if it is higher than the sum of the other two. If you have three different suits the value of your hand is the value of the highest card in it. The maximum hand value is 31, consisting of the ace and two ten-point cards in the same suit.

The Play

Before play begins, all players put an equal amount of chips into a pot. The player on the dealer's left has the first turn. On each turn, a player may take one card from the widow and replace it with one card from their hand face up. Variation: Players may exchange any number of cards with the widow in this manner. Players take turns, clockwise around the table, until one player is satisfied that the card values they hold will likely beat the other players. A player indicates this by knocking on the table. All other players then get one more turn to exchange cards. Then there is a showdown in which the players reveal their hands and compare values. 

The player with the highest total value of cards of the same suit wins the pot. If there is a tie for the highest score, the player with the highest-ranking card wins. Example: K, Q, 6 (total 26) would beat Q, 9, 7 also total 26. If there is a tie in the highest cards, the next highest cards are compared, and so on. Any time a player holds exactly 31, they may "knock" immediately, and they win the pot. If a player knocks before the first round of exchanges have begun, the showdown occurs immediately with no exchange of cards.

The player to the left of the dealer begins gameplay. When it is their turn, players choose to either pick a card from the stock or from the discard pile and then they must discard one of their cards, all in an attempt to get a hand as close or equal to 31. Only cards of the same suit count as points. For example, if a player has an Aces of Spades, an 8 of Spades, and a King of Hearts, the player’s hand is worth 19. If a player has a three of a kind, the hand is worth 30 points. When a player is comfortable with their hand, they knock on the table. All other players then have one more draw to try and improve their hand. The player with the lowest hand loses for that round. If the player who knocks has the lowest hand, they give up a lost of 2 rather than 1. When a player loses 4 times, they are out of the game. The last player standing wins the game and, normally, a monetary prize made from the players’ contributions.

Card Game Rules

Thirty-one is a simple card game also known as Scat and Blitz. You can play 31 with two to 10 players and a standard deck of cards. The game is simple enough for younger children and requires both skill and luck as players try to balance getting a good hand and catching others with bad hands.

The goal of 31 is to collect as many points in one suit as you can in your three-card hand. Each numerical card is worth its face value, with face cards worth 10 points and aces worth 11. The top score any player can have is 31--an ace and two 10-point cards, all of the same suit--hence the name of the game.

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